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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 1:20 am
Time: 1:20 am
Results for risky facilities
5 results foundAuthor: Smith, Chloe Title: Grippa Evaluation Trial Strategy: Iteration One Report Summary: The relationships between disorder, crime and alcohol have been widely researched and represent a complex and multifaceted set of interactions (Richardson & Budd, 2003). Several themes have emerged demonstrating associations between alcohol and assault (Mattinson, 2001); alcohol and burglary (Bennett & Wright, 1984); and, alcohol and domestic violence (Leonard, 2004). The current research deviates from this and examines associated problems in venues that sell alcohol. In particular, it considers the problem of licensed premises as what Clarke and Eck (2003) refer to as ‘risky facilities’ and what contributes to this status. In the United Kingdom, perhaps more so than other European countries, ‘public house culture’ is an ever increasing phenomena in terms of both popularity and business (Jackson et al. 2000). In terms of criminogenic characteristics, licensed premises have the clear potential to both generate crime, as large numbers of people congregate within them, and attract crime as offenders will quickly learn about venues which offer good opportunities for crime with acceptable risks of detection. In contrast to other types of locations at which people congregate, alcohol can play a contributory role in enhancing victimisation risk, lowering victims awareness of security, and potentially reducing offender’s perceptions of risk or their consideration of it. The aim of the current research was to examine the impact on crime of a crime prevention intervention implemented in a licensed environment. Before discussing the intervention, a brief review of the research literature concerned with those factors that contribute to the risk of victimisation will be presented with a particular focus on crime in bars. Details: London: Jill Dando Institute of Crime and Science University College London, 2005. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 11, 2012 at: http://www.grippaclip.com/wp-content/uploads/Grippa-Phase-1-Report.pdf Year: 2005 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.grippaclip.com/wp-content/uploads/Grippa-Phase-1-Report.pdf Shelf Number: 125993 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder (U.K.)Crime PreventionDesign Against CrimeRisky FacilitiesTaverns, Bars, Pubs |
Author: Australia-New Zealand Counter-Terrorism Committee Title: Active Armed Offender Guidelines for Crowded Places Summary: Introduction It is the responsibility of both Government and private sector stakeholders to work collaboratively to ensure that integrated and effective plans and arrangements are in place to prevent or reduce the impact of these incidents. Crowded places pose a broad range of security challenges for owners, operators and those responsible for providing a protective security overlay. They have been specifically identified - nationally and internationally - as attractive targets by those wishing to engage in terrorism, as well as disgruntled or mentally impaired individuals. Active armed offender attacks have occurred, and continue to occur, in crowded places around the world such as sporting stadiums, transport hubs and entertainment venues. Crowded places present a particularly attractive target for terrorism, due to the ready access to large numbers of potential victims. Attacks which occur in crowded places are particularly insidious because crowds using these places are often distracted by the venue event, reducing their situational awareness of their immediate environment. The Active Armed Offender Guidelines for Crowded Places are intended to increase understanding of the threat that active armed offender incidents pose in crowded places. The Guidelines seek to illustrate the key role that owners and operators of crowded places can play in developing and implementing appropriately informed prevention, preparedness, response and recovery arrangements to reduce the risks posed by such a threat. The guidance material has been developed by the 'Crowded Places Advisory Group' (CPAG) on behalf of the Australia-New Zealand Counter - Terrorism Committee (ANZCTC). It should be read in conjunction with Australia's Strategy for Protecting Crowded Places from Terrorism; Improvised Explosive Device Guidelines for Crowded Places, Chemical Weapon Guidelines and the Hostile Vehicle Mitigation Guidelines for Crowded Places. Purpose These Guidelines aim to increase the awareness of owners and operators of crowded places of the dynamic terrorism threat, while providing guidance on the issues and options which can be considered during risk mitigation and contingency planning activities. These Guidelines set out several broad guiding principles which public and private sector stakeholders should consider to reduce the vulnerability of their site to the threat of terrorism. The Guidelines aim to supplement and build upon some of those broad areas of focus, with particular emphasis on the following two principles: - Prevention and preparedness arrangements should be underpinned by an intelligence-led, risk management approach. - Effective security outcomes in complex crowded place environments require cooperation and coordination among stakeholders. Gaining a better understanding of the risk environment, and options for preventing and dealing with active armed offender incidents, will enable owners and operators in the private sector in particular to more effectively contribute to the collective national efforts to manage the active armed offender threat to crowded places. It is intended that this knowledge will lead to the development of 'contingency plans' or sub-plans to supplement existing emergency response plans and arrangements at facilities and venues. Details: Canberra, Australia: 2017. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 9, 2019 at: https://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Media-and-publications/Publications/Documents/active-armed-offender-guidelines-crowded-places.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Australia URL: https://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Securityandyourcommunity/Pages/active-armed-offender-guidelines-for-crowded-places.aspx Shelf Number: 154371 Keywords: Active Armed OffenderAustraliaCounterterrorismCrowded PlacesCrowded Places Advisory GroupEntertainment VenuesEvent SecurityNew ZealandRadicalizationRisky FacilitiesSporting StadiumsTerrorismTerrorist AttacksVenue Security |
Author: Australia-New Zealand Counter-Terrorism Committee Title: Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Guidelines for Crowded Places Summary: Introduction Crowded places can pose a broad range of security challenges for their owners and operators. Terrorists and other criminals have, and will continue to, see crowded places as attractive targets for attacks both in Australia and overseas. Terrorist attacks using improvised explosive devices (IEDs) often target crowded places such as public transport hubs, sporting arenas, entertainment precincts, and shopping malls. Government and private sector cooperation helps to ensure incident planning and arrangements are integrated and effective, while aiming to reduce the likelihood and impact of IED attacks. The Crowded Places Advisory Group (CPAG) has developed these Guidelines on behalf of the Australia New Zealand Counter-Terrorism Committee (ANZCTC), with input from the Business Advisory Group (BAG). They should be read in conjunction with Australia’s Strategy for Protecting Crowded Places from Terrorism; Active Armed Offender Guidelines for Crowded Places, Chemical Weapon Guidelines and Hostile Vehicle Mitigation Guidelines. Purpose Those who own or operate crowded places are responsible for providing a safe and secure environment for the general public by applying well-informed risk and emergency management arrangements. It benefits everyone to stop or limit the consequences of an IED incident and quickly restore normal business activities. These Guidelines help people who own or operate crowded places to be more aware of the threat posed by IEDs. They also provide guidance on the issues and options to consider during risk mitigation and contingency planning activities. Australia’s Strategy for Protecting Crowded Places from Terrorism sets out several guiding principles for public and private sector stakeholders to reduce their vulnerability to the threat of terrorism. These Guidelines supplement the Strategy with key emphasis on the following two principles: - Prevention and preparedness arrangements should be underpinned by an intelligence- led, risk management approach; and - Effective security outcomes in complex environments where large crowds gather require cooperation and coordination between all stakeholders. Details: Canberra, Australia: Australia-New Zealand Counter-Terrorism Committee, 2017. 25p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 9, 2019 at: https://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Media-and-publications/Publications/Documents/IED-Guidelines/IED-guidelines-crowded-places.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Australia URL: https://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Securityandyourcommunity/Pages/australias-strategy-for-protecting-crowded-places-from-terrorism.aspx Shelf Number: 154373 Keywords: AustraliaCounterterrorismCrowded PlacesCrowded Places Advisory GroupEntertainment VenuesImprovised Explosive DevicesNew ZealandRisk ManagementRisk MitigationRisky Facilities |
Author: Hastie, Rachel Title: Lighting the Way: Lighting, Sanitation, and the Risk of Gender-Based Violence in Aburi Camp, Nigeria Summary: Humanitarian agencies strive to provide sanitation facilities which are safe, accessible and afford users privacy and dignity. Yet in reality, women in particular have many concerns which can prevent them from using the facilities, especially after dark. This report documents field research on whether sanitation lighting reduces risks of gender based violence in Aburi camp in Nigeria. It explores the perceived risks - including those relating to gender-based violence - and shares camp residents' views on what would make them feel safer using sanitation facilities. It is part of wider research, with studies also taking place in Iraq and Uganda. Details: S.L.: Oxfam, 2018. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 3, 2019 at: https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/620606/rr-lighting-the-way-research-nigeria-211218-en.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y Year: 2018 Country: Nigeria URL: https://gbvguidelines.org/en/documents/lighting-the-way-lighting-sanitation-and-the-risk-of-gender-based-violence-in-aburi-camp-nigeria/ Shelf Number: 156151 Keywords: Facility Security Family Violence Gender Based Violence Intimate Partner Violence Nigeria Risky Facilities |
Author: Cavill, Sue Title: Lighting, WASH and Gender-Based Violence in Camp Settings: Literature Review Summary: Poor lighting at water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities may reduce the usage of latrines and other services such as bathing areas and water collection points; especially by women and children. Generally, poor lighting may contribute to fear of crime and specifically Gender-Based Violence (GBV), which may, in turn, further reduce the use of the WASH facilities. For example, in Haiti, teenage girls surveyed by the United Nations (UN) Stabilisation Mission stated that they were afraid to use latrines at night because of the lack of lighting (Emery et al., 2011). Improving lighting is intended to mitigate GBV, promote feelings of safety and increase usage of WASH facilities. This literature review is part of a Humanitarian Innovation Fund (HIF)-funded research project, conducted by Oxfam and the Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) on lighting for safer sanitation use, with the specific aim of reviewing existing literature and good practice on lighting, fear of crime and sanitation. It also informs the development of data collection tools for use in the three fieldwork study countries of Iraq, Nigeria and Uganda. The detailed review is focused on the following research questions: 1. Are there any existing recommendations/guidelines around lighting WASH facilities in camp settings? 2. What do WASH and GBV experts think about the potential for lighting at WASH facilities? Do they have a preference for the kind of lighting that would be logistically easiest/most effective? 3. What evidence exists that indicates improved lighting at WASH facilities in camp settings could reduce GBV? 4. What evidence exists that indicates improved lighting at WASH facilities in camp settings can improve WASH facility use? 61 articles were located through a keyword search. 38 of these had an explicit focus on lighting at WASH facilities and reported on GBV or increased use of WASH facilities and therefore were included for in-depth review and further synthesis. In terms of keywords used to search for articles in relation to GBV, the literature review focussed mainly on the aspects of physical and sexual violence of GBV, including sexual harassment, assault, verbal and physical violence, and intimidation to persons, especially those who have different sexual orientation (e.g. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex (LGBTI)). Studies were included if improved lighting at WASH facilities was the main intervention and if there was an outcome measure on GBV or WASH usage. Most of the evidence identified on GBV, lighting and access to WASH is grey literature that is qualitative and anecdotal in nature. Nearly all this literature makes mention of the threats women and girls feel accessing sanitation facilities and the additional perceived and real threat that darkness poses to safety. Much of the peer-reviewed literature suffers from various flaws: weak study design, inadequate measures of lighting (e.g. type of light and how the lighting was provided at WASH facilities), poor measures of GBV, and insufficient appreciation of the impact of lighting on feelings of safety. The emergency response in Haiti is the most widely documented example of where lighting is used to address GBV and WASH. Overall, the published and grey literature found that improving lighting at WASH facilities was followed by increased feelings of safety. There is limited specific evidence of a decrease in GBV, given that reported cases of GBV are an unreliable indicator of prevalence. Fear of GBV, however, may be a more reliable indicator as it has a significant impact on behaviour and overall perceptions of safety. In saying this, lighting (or improved lighting) of WASH facilities provided some suggestion of an increase in usage of the facilities. Limitations in specific evidence of the decrease in GBV incidences may be due to people not wanting to disclose the incident because of cultural taboos, fear of rejection from their community, and threats from their attackers and others. Based on the current state of knowledge from humanitarian practitioners and the literature reviewed, the following recommendations were suggested: Interventions to improve lighting should be complemented by increased security patrols, appropriate design parameters (e.g. distance between male and female latrines), mechanisms to report GBV and ensure safe and timely access to these for the victims; Fear affects the use of WASH facilities, thus individual factors such as age and gender are highly influential. Further attention is needed on the effects of these factors on lighting around WASH facilities and particularly for vulnerable groups such as people with disabilities and the LGBTI community. In addition, the time of day (day or night) or season was not highlighted in most studies but requires further examination as these are considered to be important contributors to fear of crime; Identify training materials and/or guidelines that can be implemented by WASH staff at a country level. Training materials must be designed to correlate with the main WASH activities in humanitarian settings (e.g. appropriate design features of WASH facilities in relation to solutions to increase protection, particularly to women and girls); and There is a lack of information regarding responsibilities in funding, maintenance and Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) for lighting initiatives, especially during a humanitarian response. Experts recommended that responsibilities must be clearly addressed during coordination meetings, especially at the beginning of an intervention. Details: S.L., 2018. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 3, 2019 at: https://gbvguidelines.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/rr-lighting-sanitation-literature-review-211218-en.pdf Year: 2018 Country: International URL: https://gbvguidelines.org/en/documents/lighting-wash-and-gbv-in-camp-settings/ Shelf Number: 156153 Keywords: Facility Security Family Violence Gender Based Violence Intimate Partner Violence Lighting Risky Facilities |